Mundane Tasks
– Normally done without using microcontrollers.
(Core Electronics)
– Can perform the same task efficientlyIntelligent Tasks
– Involves Microcontrollers or Processors
– Are flexible and can be easily modified as per the task.Microcontrollers allows us to make logical
decisions as per the inputs.
• The circuits are simple and easy to reconfigure
for some other task.
• We can store logical decisions for multiple
tasks.• Line tracing
• Grid tracing
• Wall tracing
• Obstacle detection and avoidance
• Metal detection
• Detect, pick and place
Competitions involve combination of tasks mentioned Line tracing can be done by:
– Simple core electronic circuit
– Using microcontroller
– Image processing through computer interfaceThings you need to have
– Compiler, debugger to covert a program intoassembly and test
– μController programmer circui
t– μController Circuit
above.
Monday, January 3, 2011
EVALUATION POTENTIALS OF ROBOTS
Evaluation of the potential of the robot depends on:
– Analysis of the application
• Long- and short-term objectives
• Manufacturing and processes involved
• Space availability
• Budget
• System objectives
– Feasibility Study
• How a more automated system will affect related operations in the plant
• Material-handling methods
• Commercial equipment available
• CAD cell simulation
– System Proposal
• Functional specifications
• System operation
• Robot type
• Tooling
• Peripheral equipmentMicroprocessor control
• Software
• Multiple levels of control
– Construction Phase
• It is a good procedure for the system to be set up and thoroughly tested at
the supplier’s facility.
• This will minimize the interruption of current production procedures.
– Installation Phase
• It is a good practice for the supplier to supervise the step-by-step installation
of the system.
– Training and Documentation
• Hands on robot training should be provided by the supplier for all the persons
who will interface with the new automated system.
• The supplier should provide the design drawings and documentation for
system control, operation, and maintenance.The keys areas to be explored for robot applications in future are:
– The medical applications of the robot:
• Routine examinations
• Surgical procedures
– Underwater applications
• Involve prospecting for minerals on the floor of the ocean.
• Salvaging of sunken vessels, repair the ship either at sea or in dry dock.
• Mobile firefighters to be used by Air force and Navy.
– Surveillance and Guard duty
• In military
• Power generating plants, oil refineries and other civilian facilities that are
potential targets of terrorist groups.
– Analysis of the application
• Long- and short-term objectives
• Manufacturing and processes involved
• Space availability
• Budget
• System objectives
– Feasibility Study
• How a more automated system will affect related operations in the plant
• Material-handling methods
• Commercial equipment available
• CAD cell simulation
– System Proposal
• Functional specifications
• System operation
• Robot type
• Tooling
• Peripheral equipmentMicroprocessor control
• Software
• Multiple levels of control
– Construction Phase
• It is a good procedure for the system to be set up and thoroughly tested at
the supplier’s facility.
• This will minimize the interruption of current production procedures.
– Installation Phase
• It is a good practice for the supplier to supervise the step-by-step installation
of the system.
– Training and Documentation
• Hands on robot training should be provided by the supplier for all the persons
who will interface with the new automated system.
• The supplier should provide the design drawings and documentation for
system control, operation, and maintenance.The keys areas to be explored for robot applications in future are:
– The medical applications of the robot:
• Routine examinations
• Surgical procedures
– Underwater applications
• Involve prospecting for minerals on the floor of the ocean.
• Salvaging of sunken vessels, repair the ship either at sea or in dry dock.
• Mobile firefighters to be used by Air force and Navy.
– Surveillance and Guard duty
• In military
• Power generating plants, oil refineries and other civilian facilities that are
potential targets of terrorist groups.
ROBOTICS OPERATIONS
Processing Operations:
– Robot performs a processing procedure on the part.
– The robot is equipped with some type of process tooling as its end
effector.
– Manipulates the tooling relative to the working part during the cycle.
– Industrial robot applications in the processing operations include:
•
Spot welding
Processing Operations
• Continuous arc welding
• Spray painting
• Metal cutting and deburring operations
• Various machining operations like drilling, grinding, laser and waterjet cutting,
and riveting.
• Rotating and spindle operations
• Adhesives and sealant dispensingAssembly Operations:
– The applications involve both material-handling and the manipulation of
a tool.
– They typically include components to build the product and to perform
material handling operations.
– Are traditionally labor-intensive activities in industry and are highly
repetitive and boring. Hence are logical candidates for robotic
applications.
Assembly Operations
– These are classified as:
• Batch assembly: As many as one million products might be assembled. The
assembly operation has long production runs.
• Low-volume: In this a sample run of ten thousand or less products might be
made.
– The assembly robot cell should be a modular cell.
– One of the well suited area for robotics assembly is the insertion of odd
electronic components.
• Figure illustrates a typical overall electronic assembly operationInspection Operation:
– Some inspection operation require parts to be manipulated, and other
applications require that an inspection tool be manipulated.
– Inspection work requires high precision and patience, and human
judgment is often needed to determine whether a product is within
quality specifications or not.
– Inspection tasks that are performed by industrial robots can usually be
divided into the following three techniques:
Inspection Operations
• By using a feeler gauge or a linear displacement transducer known as a linear
variable differential transformer(LVDT), the part being measured will come in
physical contact with the instrument or by means of air pressure, which will
cause it to ride above the surface being measured.
• By utilizing robotic vision, matrix video cameras are used to obtain an image
of the area of interest, which is digitized and compared to a similar image
with specified tolerance.
• By involving the use of optics and light, usually a laser or infrared source is
used to illustrate the area of interest.
– Robot performs a processing procedure on the part.
– The robot is equipped with some type of process tooling as its end
effector.
– Manipulates the tooling relative to the working part during the cycle.
– Industrial robot applications in the processing operations include:
•
Spot welding
Processing Operations
• Continuous arc welding
• Spray painting
• Metal cutting and deburring operations
• Various machining operations like drilling, grinding, laser and waterjet cutting,
and riveting.
• Rotating and spindle operations
• Adhesives and sealant dispensingAssembly Operations:
– The applications involve both material-handling and the manipulation of
a tool.
– They typically include components to build the product and to perform
material handling operations.
– Are traditionally labor-intensive activities in industry and are highly
repetitive and boring. Hence are logical candidates for robotic
applications.
Assembly Operations
– These are classified as:
• Batch assembly: As many as one million products might be assembled. The
assembly operation has long production runs.
• Low-volume: In this a sample run of ten thousand or less products might be
made.
– The assembly robot cell should be a modular cell.
– One of the well suited area for robotics assembly is the insertion of odd
electronic components.
• Figure illustrates a typical overall electronic assembly operationInspection Operation:
– Some inspection operation require parts to be manipulated, and other
applications require that an inspection tool be manipulated.
– Inspection work requires high precision and patience, and human
judgment is often needed to determine whether a product is within
quality specifications or not.
– Inspection tasks that are performed by industrial robots can usually be
divided into the following three techniques:
Inspection Operations
• By using a feeler gauge or a linear displacement transducer known as a linear
variable differential transformer(LVDT), the part being measured will come in
physical contact with the instrument or by means of air pressure, which will
cause it to ride above the surface being measured.
• By utilizing robotic vision, matrix video cameras are used to obtain an image
of the area of interest, which is digitized and compared to a similar image
with specified tolerance.
• By involving the use of optics and light, usually a laser or infrared source is
used to illustrate the area of interest.
Sunday, January 2, 2011
ROBOT APPLICATIONS
Need to replace human labor by robots:
– Work environment hazardous for human beings
– Repetitive tasks
– Boring and unpleasant tasks
– Multishift operations
– Infrequent changeovers
– Performing at a steady pace
– Operating for long hours without rest
– Responding in automated operations
– Minimizing variationIndustrial Robot Applications can be divided into:
– Material-handling applications:
• Involve the movement of material or parts from one location to another.
• It include part placement, palletizing and/or depalletizing, machine loading
and unloading.
– Processing Operations:
• Requires the robot to manipulate a special process tool as the end effector.
• The application include spot welding, arc welding, riveting, spray painting,
machining, metal cutting, deburring, polishing.
– Assembly Applications:
• Involve part-handling manipulations of a special tools and other automatic
tasks and operations.
– Inspection Operations:
• Require the robot to position a workpart to an inspection device.
• Involve the robot to manipulate a device or sensor to perform the inspection• Part Placement:
– The basic operation in this category is the relatively simple pick-and-place
operation.
– This application needs a low-technology robot of the cylindrical
coordinate type.
– Only two, three, or four joints are required for most of the applications.
– Pneumatically powered robots are often utilized.
• Palletizing and/or Depalletizing
– The applications require robot to stack parts one on top of the other, that
is to palletize them, or to unstack parts by removing from the top one by
one, that is depalletize them.
– Example: process of taking parts from the assembly line and stacking
them on a pallet or vice versa.Machine loading and/or unloading:
– Robot transfers parts into and/or from a production machine.
– There are three possible cases:
• Machine loading in which the robot loads parts into a production machine,
but the parts are unloaded by some other means.
– Example: a pressworking operation, where the robot feeds sheet blanks into the
press, but the finished parts drop out of the press by gravity.
• Machine loading in which the raw materials are fed into the machine without
robot assistance. The robot unloads the part from the machine assisted by
vision or no vision.
– Example: bin picking, die casting, and plastic moulding.
• Machine loading and unloading that involves both loading and unloading of
the workparts by the robot. The robot loads a raw work part into the process
ad unloads a finished part.
– Example: Machine operation
• Difficulties
– Difference in cycle time between the robot and the production machine.
The cycle time of the machine may be relatively long compared to the
robot’s cycle time.
– Work environment hazardous for human beings
– Repetitive tasks
– Boring and unpleasant tasks
– Multishift operations
– Infrequent changeovers
– Performing at a steady pace
– Operating for long hours without rest
– Responding in automated operations
– Minimizing variationIndustrial Robot Applications can be divided into:
– Material-handling applications:
• Involve the movement of material or parts from one location to another.
• It include part placement, palletizing and/or depalletizing, machine loading
and unloading.
– Processing Operations:
• Requires the robot to manipulate a special process tool as the end effector.
• The application include spot welding, arc welding, riveting, spray painting,
machining, metal cutting, deburring, polishing.
– Assembly Applications:
• Involve part-handling manipulations of a special tools and other automatic
tasks and operations.
– Inspection Operations:
• Require the robot to position a workpart to an inspection device.
• Involve the robot to manipulate a device or sensor to perform the inspection• Part Placement:
– The basic operation in this category is the relatively simple pick-and-place
operation.
– This application needs a low-technology robot of the cylindrical
coordinate type.
– Only two, three, or four joints are required for most of the applications.
– Pneumatically powered robots are often utilized.
• Palletizing and/or Depalletizing
– The applications require robot to stack parts one on top of the other, that
is to palletize them, or to unstack parts by removing from the top one by
one, that is depalletize them.
– Example: process of taking parts from the assembly line and stacking
them on a pallet or vice versa.Machine loading and/or unloading:
– Robot transfers parts into and/or from a production machine.
– There are three possible cases:
• Machine loading in which the robot loads parts into a production machine,
but the parts are unloaded by some other means.
– Example: a pressworking operation, where the robot feeds sheet blanks into the
press, but the finished parts drop out of the press by gravity.
• Machine loading in which the raw materials are fed into the machine without
robot assistance. The robot unloads the part from the machine assisted by
vision or no vision.
– Example: bin picking, die casting, and plastic moulding.
• Machine loading and unloading that involves both loading and unloading of
the workparts by the robot. The robot loads a raw work part into the process
ad unloads a finished part.
– Example: Machine operation
• Difficulties
– Difference in cycle time between the robot and the production machine.
The cycle time of the machine may be relatively long compared to the
robot’s cycle time.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Objectives
– Be acquainted with automation in manufacturing.
– Understand Robot applications.
– Recognize material-handling applications
– Be familiar with processing operations
– Be informed of assembly and inspection operations
– Apprehend how to evaluate the potential of a robot application
– Be aware of future applications
– Perceive the challenge for the future
– Be informed of innovations
– Be acquainted with case studies.Goal: To integrate various operations to :
– Improve Productivity
– Increase product quality and Uniformity
– Minimize cycle times and effort
– Reduce labor cost
• Computers allows us to integrate virtually all phases of manufacturing
operations.
• Computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM): Is the computerized
integration of all aspects of design, planning, manufacturing,
distribution, and management.
• Automation Technologies:
– Numerical Control(NC): capability of flexibility of operations, low cost,
and ease of making different parts with lower operator skill.
– Adaptive Control(AC): Continuously monitor the operation and make
necessary adjustments in process parameters.Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS): Integrate manufacturing cells
into a large unit, containing industrial robots servicing several
machines, all interfaced with a central host computer.
• Artificial Intelligence(AI): Involves the use do machines, computers
and industrial robots to replace human intelligence.
• Expert Systems(ES):Intelligent programs to perform tasks and solve
difficult real life problems.
• Hence the applications of Robots in manufacturing are much broader
than most people realize.
– Be acquainted with automation in manufacturing.
– Understand Robot applications.
– Recognize material-handling applications
– Be familiar with processing operations
– Be informed of assembly and inspection operations
– Apprehend how to evaluate the potential of a robot application
– Be aware of future applications
– Perceive the challenge for the future
– Be informed of innovations
– Be acquainted with case studies.Goal: To integrate various operations to :
– Improve Productivity
– Increase product quality and Uniformity
– Minimize cycle times and effort
– Reduce labor cost
• Computers allows us to integrate virtually all phases of manufacturing
operations.
• Computer-integrated manufacturing(CIM): Is the computerized
integration of all aspects of design, planning, manufacturing,
distribution, and management.
• Automation Technologies:
– Numerical Control(NC): capability of flexibility of operations, low cost,
and ease of making different parts with lower operator skill.
– Adaptive Control(AC): Continuously monitor the operation and make
necessary adjustments in process parameters.Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS): Integrate manufacturing cells
into a large unit, containing industrial robots servicing several
machines, all interfaced with a central host computer.
• Artificial Intelligence(AI): Involves the use do machines, computers
and industrial robots to replace human intelligence.
• Expert Systems(ES):Intelligent programs to perform tasks and solve
difficult real life problems.
• Hence the applications of Robots in manufacturing are much broader
than most people realize.
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
Manipulators/robotic arms which are fixed to
their workplace and built usually from sets of
rigid links connected by joints.
• Mobile robots which can move in their
environment using wheels, legs, etc.
• Hybrid robots which include humanoid robots are
mobile robots equipped with manipulatorsAssemble Group Robot- Developed by Freddy
(mid1960s - 1981) was one of the first robots to
be able to assemble wooden models
using vision to identify and locate
Meet some Robots
the partsSTANLEY-Stanley was developed by a team of
researchers to advance the state of the art in
autonomous driving.ASIMO - Say Hello to ASIMO. From Honda Motor
Company. A fascinating collection of information
(including FAQs, movies & teaching resources)
about this humanoid robot whose name stands
for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility.1.1. Robotic Arm
1.2. Wheeled Mobile Robot
1.3. Legged Robot
1.4. Underwater Robots
1.5. Flying Robots
1.6. Robot Vision
1.7. Artificial Intelligence
1.8. Industrial Automation
their workplace and built usually from sets of
rigid links connected by joints.
• Mobile robots which can move in their
environment using wheels, legs, etc.
• Hybrid robots which include humanoid robots are
mobile robots equipped with manipulatorsAssemble Group Robot- Developed by Freddy
(mid1960s - 1981) was one of the first robots to
be able to assemble wooden models
using vision to identify and locate
Meet some Robots
the partsSTANLEY-Stanley was developed by a team of
researchers to advance the state of the art in
autonomous driving.ASIMO - Say Hello to ASIMO. From Honda Motor
Company. A fascinating collection of information
(including FAQs, movies & teaching resources)
about this humanoid robot whose name stands
for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility.1.1. Robotic Arm
1.2. Wheeled Mobile Robot
1.3. Legged Robot
1.4. Underwater Robots
1.5. Flying Robots
1.6. Robot Vision
1.7. Artificial Intelligence
1.8. Industrial Automation
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